金纳米颗粒的使用建议 纳米金颗粒的应用分类
1 .Protein Conjugation
Diameter:5nm-100 nm
1.1 Surface: Citrate
Advantage: Quick.
1.2 Surface: NHS
Advantage: Covalent conjugation to primary amines, increased conjugate stability less non-specific protein binding.
1.3 Surface: Maleimide
Advantage: Covalent conjugation to thiols, increased conjugate stability, less non-specific protein binding.
1.4 Surface: Carboxyl
Advantage: Covalent conjugation to primary amines, increased conjugate stability less non-specific protein binding
1.5 Surface: Amine
Advantage: Conjugation of NHS and carboxyl ligands.
1.6 Surface: Streptavidin
Advantage: Conjugation to biotinylated ligands.
2. Modification with thiolated ligands
Diameter:5nm-100 nm
2.1 Surface: Citrate
Advantage: Classic starting material,no additional stabilizers added.
3. Oligonucleotide Conjugation
Diameter:5nm-20 nm5 nm-100 nm
3.1 Surface: Citrate
Advantage: Ideal for conjugation of thiol-modified oligos to small particle sizes (5 nm-20 nm). Does not work well for larger particles.
3.2 Surface: OligoREADY
Advantage: Ideal for conjugation of thiol-modified oligos directly to the gold surface.
3.3 Surface: NHS
Advantage: Ideal for covalent conjugation of amine-modified oligos.Final conjugate will have a
PEG-linker between oligo and gold surface.
3.4 Surface: Maleimide
Advantage: Ideal for covalent conjugation of thiol-modified oligos.
Final conjugate will have a PEG-linker between oligo and gold surface.
4. lmmunoblotting/Western Blot
Diameter:5nm-20 nm
4.1 Surface: Secondary Antibody Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Colorimetric detection.Permanent label
5. lmmunohistochemistry
Diameter:5nm-40nm
5.1 Surface: Secondary Antibody Gold Conjugates
Advantage: High contrast label.
6. Flow Cytometry
Diameter: 70nm-400 nm
7. Cellular Uptake
Diameter:30nm-80 nm
7.1 Surface: Transferrin Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Active uptake through endocytosis.
7.2 Surface: CitrateCitrate
Advantage: Non-specific cellular uptake.
8. Darkfield Microscopy
Diameter:50nm-100 nm
9 .Lateral Flow/Dip-Stick Assays
Diameter:20nm-80nm
9.1 Surface: Citrate
Advantage: Ideal for generation of gold conjugates through passive adsorption of antibodies to the gold nanoparticle surface.
9.2 Surface: NHS
Advantage: Ideal for covalent conjugation of antibodies to gold nanoparticles.
9.3 Surface: Maleimide
Advantage: Ideal for conjugation of thiol-modified ligands to gold nanoparticles.
9.4 Surface: Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Pre-made secondary antibody conjugates.
10.Vertical Flow
Diameter: 20 nm-40 nm
10.1 Surface: Citrate
Advantage: Ideal for generation of gold conjugates through passive adsorption of antibodies to the gold nanoparticle surface.
10.2 Surface: NHS
Advantage:Ideal for covalent conjugation of antibodies to gold nanoparticles.
10.3 Surface:Maleimide
Advantage: Ideal for conjugation of thiol-modified ligands to gold nanoparticles
10.4 Surface: Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Pre-made secondary antibody conjugates
11. Tumor Targeting
Diameter:20nm-80nm
11.1 Surface: Methyl Gold Nanoparticles
Advantage: Can in some cases be used for passive targeting of certain tumors in vivo. lnert material with low non-specific protein binding in serum
12. Light Microscopy
Diameter: 5 nm-10 nm
12.1 Surface: Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Ability to label tissue sections for both light and electron microscopy. Alternative to
peroxidase and PAP-based stains. Sensitivity can be enhanced with silver enhancement techniques.
13. ELISA
Diameter:5nm-30 nm
13.1 Surface: Gold Conjugates
Advantage: Colorimetric Detection.
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